U.S. Sanctions Turkish Energy Operations
(P&GJ) — The United States has sanctioned Turkey’s energy ministry in response to the Turkish cross-border offensive in northeast Syria, including BOTAS, which operates the country's gas infrastructure and is party to gas import contracts.
Here is an overview of entities impacted by the U.S. sanctions:
BOTAS
The Turkish state-owned pipeline operator and gas procurement company, is party to Turkey’s long-term pipeline gas import contracts with Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran as well as long-term LNG import contracts with Nigeria and Algeria. It also imports spot LNG from up to 13 countries including US and Qatar.
BOTAS was responsible for importing 85% of Turkey’s natural gas needs last year from a variety of sources. The rest was imported by privately held companies.
The company’s pipeline gas imports were 39 billion cubic meters and LNG imports were 11.3 billion cubic meters. Around 5 billion cubic meters of LNG imports were from the spot market according to energy markets regulator.
BOTAS imports the majority of its LNG from the U.S. In the first 6 months of 2019 the company imported 884 million cubic meters, nearly doubled from 444 million cubic meters in all of 2018.
The company also owns 30% of the Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) through a local subsidiary.
LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
Turkey has two onshore LNG terminals, one owned by BOTAS, the other by privately owned Egegaz. It also has two LNG FSRUs, one of which is owned by BOTAS.
BOTAS is planning to build Turkey’s third FSRU facility in the northern Aegean.
On top of BOTAS’s 85% share on Turkey’s gas imports last year, seven private companies (Enerco Enerji, Akfel Gaz, Bosphorus Gaz, Bati Hatti, Kibar Enerji, Ege Gaz, Avrasya Gaz, Shell Enerji) imported 7.7 bcm of gas last year.
TPAO
Turk Petrolleri Anonim Ortakligi (TPAO), the national oil company, is owned by the Turkish Treasury and managed by the Energy Ministry.
TUPRAS
Tupras is Turkey’s largest refiner with 30 million tons of oil processing capacity in four refineries. It imports its own oil and complies with US sanctions on Iran.
SOCAT
Azerbaijan state oil company SOCAR owns Turkey’s other refiner STAR with 10 million tons of oil processing capacity. The company complies with US sanctions on Iran.
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